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1986 Commonwealth Games
The 1986 Commonwealth Games (Template:Lang-gd) were held in Edinburgh, Scotland, between 24 July and 2 August 1986. They were the second Games to be held in Edinburgh.
Organisation[edit source | edit]
Unlike the 1970 Games in Edinburgh, which were popular and successful, the 1986 Games are ill-famed for the wide political boycott connected with them and the resulting financial mismanagement.[1]
Controversies[edit source | edit]
Further controversy arose when it was revealed that through this much-reduced participation and the resultant decline in anticipated broadcasting and sponsorship revenues, the Organising Committee was facing a big financial black hole. The boycott ended any prospect of securing emergency government assistance. Businessman Robert Maxwell stepped in to offer funding, taking over as chairman; but although he promised to invest £2m, his contribution was just £250,000. On a budget of £14m, the Games opened with a deficit of £3m, which later grew to £4.3m, and instead of putting enough money into the event to save it, the new chairman of the Games asked creditors to forgo half the payment due to them to keep the event out of liquidation. The debt was finally paid off in 1989, with the city of Edinburgh losing approximately £500,000.[2]
Several participants were excluded because they breached the amateurism rules, most notably lawn bowlers Phil Skoglund from New Zealand and Willie Wood from Scotland, both of whom have competed in subsequent Games.
Participating teams[edit source | edit]
Due to the boycott only 27 teams from across the Commonwealth were represented at the 1986 Games.
| Participating Commonwealth countries and territories |
|---|
|
| Debuting Commonwealth countries and territories |
Boycott[edit source | edit]
_boycotting_countries_(red).png)
The majority of Commonwealth nations staged a boycott, meaning that the Games appeared largely to be a whites-only event. Thirty two of the eligible fifty nine countries, largely African, Asian and Caribbean states, stayed away because of the Thatcher government's policy of keeping Britain's sporting links with apartheid South Africa in preference to participating in the general sporting boycott of that country. Consequently, Edinburgh 1986 witnessed the lowest turnout since Auckland 1950.[3] Bermuda was a particularly late withdrawal, as its athletes had appeared in the opening ceremony and in the opening day of competition before the Bermuda Olympic Association decided to formally withdraw.[4]
Opening ceremony[edit source | edit]
The theme of the opening ceremony celebrated the "Spirit of Youth" and included 6500 Scottish schoolchildren taking part in a series of large Mass Games-style Gymnastics routines. The theme song "Spirit of Youth" was written by Gerard Kenny. The ceremony began on the esplanade of Edinburgh Castle from which hundreds of schoolchildren ran down the Royal Mile, through Holyrood Park to Meadowbank Stadium.[6]
Venues[edit source | edit]
Medals by country[edit source | edit]
Medals by event[edit source | edit]
Aquatics[edit source | edit]
Athletics[edit source | edit]
Badminton[edit source | edit]
Bowls[edit source | edit]
Boxing[edit source | edit]
Cycling[edit source | edit]
Track
| Men | ||||||
| Time Trial | Template:Country data AUS | 00:01:06 |  Gary Anderson (NZL) |
00:01:06 | Template:Country data AUS | 00:01:07 |
| Sprint | Template:Country data AUS |  Alex Ongaro (CAN) |
Template:Country data SCO | |||
| Individual Pursuit | Template:Country data AUS | 00:04:44 |  Colin Sturgess (ENG) |
00:04:51 | Gary Anderson (NZL) |
00:04:54 |
| Team Pursuit |  AustraliaGlenn Clarke Brett Dutton Bill Hardy Wayne McCarney Dean Woods |
00:04:27 | New Zealand Gary Anderson Russell Clune Stephen Swart Andrew Whitford |
00:04:34 | Template:ENG Chris Boardman Gary Coltman Rob Muzio Jon Walshaw Guy Rowland |
overtaken |
| 10 Miles (16 Kilometres) Scratch | Template:Country data AUS | 00:19:41 | Template:Country data AUS | 00:19:41 | Gary Anderson (NZL) |
00:19:41 |
Road
| Men | ||||||
| Road Race | Paul Curran (ENG) |
04:08:50 | Brian Fowler (NZL) |
04:08:50 | Template:Country data AUS | 04:08:50 |
| Team Time Trial | Template:ENG Alan Gornall Deno Davie Keith Reynolds Paul Curran |
02:13:16 | New Zealand Blair Cox Graeme Miller Gregory Fraine Paul Leitch |
02:14:50 | Template:NIR Alastair Irvine Cormac McCann Joseph Barr Martin Quinn |
02:16:13 |
Rowing[edit source | edit]
Shooting[edit source | edit]
Pistol
| Men/Open | ||||||
| Free Pistol | Greg Yelavich (NZL) |
551 | Template:Country data AUS Ho Kar Fai (HKG) |
549 | ||
| Free Pistol – Pairs | Canada Tom Guinn Claude Beaulieu |
1099 | Template:ENG Paul Leatherdale Richard Wang |
1090 | Australia Phil Adams Bengt Sandström |
1085 |
| Centre-Fire Pistol | Bob Northover (ENG) |
583 | Template:Country data AUS | 582 | Template:Country data AUS | 580 |
| Centre-Fire Pistol – Pairs | Australia Phil Adams Rod Hack |
1165 | Template:ENG Bob Northover Michael Cutler |
1157 | New Zealand Rex Hamilton Barry O'Neale |
1153 |
| Rapid-Fire Pistol | Template:Country data AUS | 591 | Template:Country data GGY | 588 | Mark Howkins (CAN) |
585 |
| Rapid-Fire Pistol – Pairs | Template:ENG Brian Girling Terry Turner |
1169 | Australia Pat Murray Jack Mast |
1152 | Canada Mark Howkins André Chevrefils |
1150 |
| Air Pistol | Greg Yelavich (NZL) |
575 | Tom Guinn (CAN) |
574 | Gilbert U (HKG) |
574 |
| Air Pistol – Pairs | Template:ENG Paul Leatherdale Ian Reid |
1143 | Australia Phil Adams Bruce Favell |
1143 | New Zealand Greg Yelavich Barrie Wickens |
1140 |
Rifle
Shotgun
| Men/Open | ||||||
| Trap | Ian Peel (ENG) |
195 | Peter Boden (ENG) |
192 |  Roland Phillips (WAL) |
192 |
| Trap – Pairs | Template:ENG Peter Boden Ian Peel |
185 | Template:NIR Tom Hewitt Eamon Furphy |
183 | Australia Terry Rumbel Domingo Diaz |
183 |
| Skeet |  Nigel Kelly (IOM) |
196 | Joe Neville (ENG) Brian Gabriel (CAN) |
195 | ||
| Skeet – Pairs | Template:ENG Joe Neville Ken Harman |
195 | Canada Brian Gabriel Don Kwasyncia |
193 | New Zealand John Woolley Jeff Farrell |
189 |
Weightlifting[edit source | edit]
| Men | ||||||
| Flyweight – Overall | Template:Country data AUS | 212.5 | Template:Country data SCO | 185 | Template:Country data SCO | 177.5 |
| Bantamweight – Overall | Template:Country data AUS | 245 | Clayton Chelley (NZL) |
217.5 | Template:Country data SIN | 215 |
| Featherweight – Overall | Ray Williams (WAL) |
252.5 | Template:Country data AUS | 250 | Jeffrey Brice (WAL) |
235 |
| Lightweight – Overall | Dean Willey (ENG) |
315 | Template:Country data AUS | 307.5 | Langis Côté (CAN) |
290 |
| Middleweight – Overall | Template:Country data AUS | 302.5 | Louis Payer (CAN) |
300 | Neil Taylor (WAL) |
270 |
| Light Heavyweight – Overall | Dave Morgan (WAL) |
350 | Template:Country data AUS | 325 | Peter May (ENG) |
317.5 |
| Middle Heavyweight – Overall | Keith Boxell (ENG) |
350 | David Mercer (ENG) |
342.5 | Guy Greavette (CAN) |
340 |
| Sub Heavyweight – Overall | Denis Garon (CAN) |
360 | Duncan Dawkins (ENG) |
332.5 | Andrew Saxton (ENG) |
327.5 |
| Heavyweight – Overall | Kevin Roy (CAN) |
375 | Template:Country data AUS | 372.5 | Andrew Davies (WAL) |
370 |
| Super Heavyweight – Overall | Template:Country data AUS | 392.5 | David Bolduc (CAN) |
347.5 | Template:Country data AUS | 342.5 |
Wrestling[edit source | edit]
| Men | ||||||
| Light Flyweight | Ron Moncur (CAN) |
Duncan Burns (ENG) |
Template:Country data SCO | |||
| Flyweight | Chris Woodcroft (CAN) |
Template:Country data AUS | Nigel Donohue (ENG)
| |||
| Bantamweight | Mitch Ostberg (CAN) |
Steve Reinsfield (NZL) |
Brian Aspen (ENG)
| |||
| Featherweight | Paul Hughes (CAN) |
Template:Country data AUS | Stephen Bell (NZL)
| |||
| Lightweight | Dave McKay (CAN) |
Template:Country data AUS | Steve Cooper (ENG)
| |||
| Welterweight | Gary Holmes (CAN) |
Template:Country data AUS | Fitz Walker (ENG)
| |||
| Middleweight | Chris Rinke (CAN) |
Template:Country data AUS | Tony Bull (ENG)
| |||
| Light Heavyweight | Noel Loban (ENG) |
Doug Cox (CAN) |
Template:Country data SCO | |||
| Heavyweight | Clark Davis (CAN) |
Robert Algie (NZL) |
David Kilpin (ENG)
| |||
| Super Heavyweight | Wayne Brightwell (CAN) |
Template:Country data SCO | Keith Peache (ENG)
| |||
See also[edit source | edit]
- 1970 Commonwealth Games, held in Edinburgh
- 2014 Commonwealth Games, held in Glasgow.
References[edit source | edit]
- ↑ "The forgotten story of … Robert Maxwell's 1986 Commonwealth Games | Sport | theguardian.com". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 April 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
- ↑ "Glasgow makes final call for 2014 Games - Athletics - Scotsman.com". News.scotsman.com. 9 May 2007. Archived from the original on 17 May 2007. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
- ↑ "Scottish independence referendum will increase interest in Glasgow 2014, it is claimed | Glasgow 2014". insidethegames.biz. 29 February 2012. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
- ↑ Fraser, Graham (25 April 2014). Glasgow 2014: The Bermuda boycott of 1986 that still hurts Archived 11 November 2014 at the Wayback Machine. BBC Sport. Retrieved on 2 November 2014.
- ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 "8 More Nations Join Boycott of Commonwealth Games; Total Now 23". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
- ↑ "Power From Within – Commonwealth Games 1986 Opening Ceremony – YouTube". youtube.com. Archived from the original on 30 July 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
- ↑ "Mike Burrell". New Zealand Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 3 May 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
- ↑ "Neil Gibson". New Zealand Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 31 October 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
- ↑ "Barrie Mabbott". New Zealand Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 19 April 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
- ↑ "Shane O'Brien". New Zealand Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 3 May 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
- ↑ "Andrew Stevenson". New Zealand Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 18 April 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
- ↑ "Don Symon". New Zealand Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 30 October 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
- ↑ "Carl Vincent". New Zealand Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 3 May 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
- ↑ "Ian Wright". New Zealand Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 18 April 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
- ↑ "Andrew Hay". New Zealand Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 18 April 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
External links[edit source | edit]
- Commonwealth Games Official Site
- 1986 Commonwealth Games – Australian Commonwealth Games Association official website
- Video of the Opening Ceremony
| Preceded by Brisbane |
Commonwealth Games Edinburgh XIII Commonwealth Games |
Succeeded by Auckland |
Template:Commonwealth Games years Template:Commonwealth Games Medal Counts
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- 1986 Commonwealth Games
- Commonwealth Games
- 1986 in multi-sport events
- 1986 in Scottish sport
- Commonwealth Games in the United Kingdom
- 1980s in Edinburgh
- International sports competitions in Edinburgh
- International sports boycotts
- July 1986 sports events in the United Kingdom
- August 1986 sports events in the United Kingdom
